Hemoglobin A1C Height Hidden Sugar Reporter in Healthy Person
Hemoglobin A1c is a protein that results from the interaction of sugar in the blood with hemoglobin in red cells (erythrocytes). HbA1c measurement gives more information about how blood glucose has progressed in the last 3 months in diabetics. However, recent studies have shown that HbA1c, which was measured in a person who did not have diabetes before, increased above 6, may be hidden sugar in that person. If HbA1c exceeds 6, fasting and postprandial blood sugar should be performed or sugar loading test (OGTT) should be performed according to your doctor’s recommendation.
WHAT IS HIDDEN SUGAR?
While fasting blood glucose is between 100 and 126 mg / dl, it is called “Fasting Blood Sugar Disorder”, while blood glucose level rises between 140 and 199 mg / dl at the 2nd hour during the loading test (OGTT) (sugar loading test with 75 grams of glucose). is called “Sugar Tolerance Disorder” or “Hidden Sugar”. Here, both fasting blood sugar disorder and glucose tolerance disorder are called “Pre-Diabetes”. The word “pre” means “pre” or “early” in Latin. In other words, it means an early or early stage of diabetes. In these people, the disease can be regressed or delayed by the diabetes prevention program (healthy diet, exercise and excess weight loss).
” Glucose tolerance disorder ”, which is known as hidden diabetes or medical language, is seen in the population at twice the rate of diabetes in 20-25%. This means that one out of every 4 people has a hidden diabetes. Obvious diabetes develops in 4-9% of these patients every year. Fasting blood sugar may be normal in most patients with hidden diabetes. Although most of the fasting blood glucose or slightly high (impaired fasting sugar) may not have hidden sugar, this poses a risk for diabetes.
Fasting blood sugar disorder is 1.5-3 times more common in men than in women. The number of people with impaired fasting blood sugar increases between the ages of 50-70 and is seen 7-8 times more than previous ages. Fasting blood sugar is impaired, i.e. high, is an indication that beta cells in the pancreas are not working well.
Hidden sugar, glucose tolerance disorder, is more common in women and usually indicates insulin resistance. It is necessary to be careful, since secret diabetes can make coronary heart disease. 7.6% of patients with hidden sugar have mild retinopathy, that is, eye damage. If these people have blood pressure, the eye damage rate increases. It is necessary to make a lifestyle change. This means eating healthy, exercising, smoking cessation and losing weight. In this way, the development of diabetes in 50% of those with hidden sugar can be prevented.
What is Diabetes?
Our body gets the energy it needs from the foods we eat. After eating, the food is broken down into small pieces of sugar in the intestines and then absorbed from the intestine and distributed to our body through the flow of blood. In order to provide energy, blood glucose must enter the cells of all organs, especially the tissues such as muscle, liver, fat and brain. The entry of sugar in the blood into the cells occurs thanks to the hormone insulin secreted from the pancreatic gland. If the insulin hormone is absent in the blood or cannot be absorbed and act by the cells, the blood in the blood accumulates because it cannot enter the cell and your sugar begins to rise. Here we call diabetes when blood sugar exceeds 126 mg / dl in the morning fasting measurement. When blood sugar exceeds 180 mg / dl, it begins to be excreted in the urine, that is, sugar comes out in your urine.
Symptoms of Diabetes
In Type 1 diabetic patients, complaints such as drinking too much water, going to urinate, losing weight despite eating too much are obvious, but in Type 2 diabetics these symptoms may be mild and the disease starts insidiously. Most of these people may not have any complaints. In some patients, symptoms such as frequent urination, excessive hunger, weakening, weakness, blurred vision, vaginal itching in women, thirst and drinking too much water may occur.
The symptoms seen in diabetes are:
Drinking a lot of water and dry mouth
Don’t go to urinate a lot
Don’t be so hungry
Slimming and weakness despite eating too much
Late healing of wounds
Dry and itchy skin
Numbness and tingling in the feet
Blurry vision
Vaginal itching
Sleep after meals
Sweet tooth
Irritability
Burning in the palm of the hand and under the feet
Hand-foot tremor in long hunger
Snore
Who is at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes?
If the reasons listed below are present in a person, it means that the risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases.
Being fat or overweight
Waist circumference to be more than 90 cm
Living still
To smoke
Using alcohol Feeding low-fiber foods (consuming less vegetables and fruits)
Cooking margarine
Eat fish less
Being older (especially the risk increases over 45)
more common in women
Genetic trend
High blood sugar during previous pregnancy
Having diabetes in the family
Blood pressure
High in blood fats
Snoring or breathing during sleep at night
Having a polycystic ovary (ovary)
High levels of insulin hormone in the blood
Homocysteine height
How Is Diabetes Diagnosed?
For the diagnosis of diabetes, blood sugar is checked after at least 8 hours of fasting. If fasting blood sugar is 126 mg / dl and above, it is called diabetes. However, fasting blood sugar should be checked again after a few days for the diagnosis to be finalized. If there is more than 126 mg / dl in the second measurement, we can say that there is definitely diabetes.
If fasting blood sugar is between 100 and 126 mg / dl, sugar loading test is performed in these people. 75 grams of sugar water is drunk in the morning after 10-16 hours of fasting and blood sugar is checked for the 2nd hour. If the second hour blood sugar is 200 mg / dl and above, it is called diabetes. If the blood sugar rises between 140-199 mg / dl for the second hour, there is “hidden diabetes”.
In a person who drinks a lot of water, goes to urinate, or has an inexplicable weight loss, diabetes is diagnosed again if the blood sugar measured at any time of the day is 200 mg / dl and above, regardless of meal status, or hunger or satiety.
We call it normal for fasting blood sugar to be less than 100 mg / dl.
HbA1c IN SUGAR PATIENTS
It is formed by the binding of sugar to the protein called “hemoglobin” in the red blood cells. HbA1c therefore gives information about the height of the blood glucose in the last 3 months or 100 days. If the average blood sugar is high in the last 3 months, HbA1c is high. By measuring HbA1c, you can tell if your blood sugar is fine.
HbA1c = A formula in the form of fasting blood sugar + satiety blood sugar best shows the meaning of HbA1c. As seen in this formula, HabA1c is affected by both fasting blood sugar and satiety blood sugar. For this reason, both hunger and postprandial blood sugar should be taken under control. If fasting blood sugar is normal but HbA1c is high, your satiety blood sugar may be high. In addition, some blood diseases can make this height.
HbA1c can be done every 3 months. There is no need to do it more often.
HbA1c is normally around 4.5%. The desired level in diabetics is 6%. However, 6.5% and below are acceptable. Over 6.5 carries a risk for organ damage.
If HbA1c is high, the causes of this are investigated, diet and drug adjustments are made.
The meaning of HbA1C measurement shows the average of the blood glucose average in the last 3 months according to the result obtained. Below is what the HbA1c result means.
If it is 4%, the average of blood glucose in the last three months is approximately 65 mg / dl.
If it is 5%, the average of the blood glucose in the last three months is approximately 100 mg / dl.
If 6%, the average blood glucose level in the last three months is approximately 135 mg / dl
If it is 7%, the average of the last three months’ blood glucose is about 170 mg / dl
If it is 8%, the average of the blood glucose in the last three months is approximately 205 mg / dl.
If it is 9%, the average of the blood glucose in the last three months is approximately 240 mg / dl.
If it is 10%, the average of glucose in the last three months is approximately 275 mg / dl.
If it is 11%, the average of the blood glucose in the last three months is approximately 310 mg / dl.
If it is 12%, it means around 345 mg / dl in the last three months.
It is ideal for HbA1c to be 6 and below.
