Global Green Technologies
By 2020, most of the world’s population is aware that there have been rapid changes in the universe’s climate in the last 50 years and it is green technologies that will reverse this trend! The world is suffering from increasingly severe droughts, rising seawater levels, seawater acidification, increasing groundwater reserves and a global increase in earth temperature. The rapid spread of diseases and macroparasites and the extinction of species are direct consequences of climate change. These changes may be irreversible unless quick action is taken to save the world.
In the last 50 years, the high-tech industrial revolution has consumed the world’s natural resources, causing them to disappear. Electronic waste, plastics and food waste contain toxic chemicals that cannot be removed from the drinking water supply, and dangerous chemicals that pollute the soil and groundwater. While these toxic substances can be found in food products and animals grown on contaminated soils, air pollution significantly affects health. In addition, oceans, seas and lakes suffer from plastic pollution. Plastic waste continues to destroy marine life’s ocean habitats, while plastic pollution causes the death of fish, birds and other species. Because large pieces of plastic pose a suffocation and suffocation hazard, fish ingest plastic waste and get polluted as small pieces of plastic make their way to the bottom of the food chain. Since these fish are harvested for later consumption, they adversely affect health.
Renewable green energy, waste management, recycling are the main challenges and issues in research and innovation in green technologies.
Electronic Green Technologies
The electronics and electrical industries are facing increasing pressure to legislate toxic and hazardous substances from their products. There is a continuous environmental movement around the world to use green materials and green electronics in the manufacture of electronic devices. There are now a number of initiatives around the world that set targets for the reuse and recycling of electronic equipment. In green electronics, the use of hazardous materials such as lead, plastic materials, and other toxic materials is not allowed or limited to increase the ease of recycling.
Electronics manufacturers face a unique challenge to develop environmentally friendly electronic devices. Green electronics manufacturing focuses on efficient green energy, use of green materials, reduction of device parts, reuse of green materials, recycling of energy and device components. The book presents methods that enable green efficient energy production in the electronics industry. In this context, there are energy harvesting technologies that can be used to produce, recycle and store green materials, which are important factors in developing green energy and greener electronics. Computers, mobile phones and other electronic devices contain toxic hazardous substances that endanger the environment and thus threaten human health.
Electronics manufacturers are encouraged to reduce the amount of electronic waste and use recyclable components by designing products that minimize the amount of harmful substances, as well as to develop products that last longer.
Renewable energy
Renewable energy converts energy from natural sources, light and wind, into electrical energy, such as solar energy, wind energy, hydropower and biology fuel. Non-renewable energy sources include nuclear, hydrogen, coal, natural gas and oil.
Solar energy
The solar cell converts the energy from natural light directly into electrical energy through the photovoltaic process. Generating electricity from solar energy results in less fossil fuel consumption and reduced pollution. Solar energy has some advantages as well as some disadvantages. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy are as follows:
Advantages of solar energy:
• It is a green and clean type of energy,
• It is environmentally friendly.
• It is not degradable,
• Sunlight is a free natural resource,
Disadvantages of solar energy:
• Depends on weather and sunlight,
• It is costly,
• Large area is required,
• Solar site is expensive to develop and manufacture,
Wind power
Wind kinetic energy is used to power electric turbines and windmills, however, windmills cannot be operated in a residential area and offshore wind turbines provide stable, reliable clean energy in many countries. The advantages and disadvantages of wind energy are as follows:
Advantages of wind energy:
• It is green and clean energy,
• Not degradable
• Wind is a free natural resource,
• It is cheap energy,
Disadvantages of wind energy:
• Depends on the weather and wind,
• It cannot be operated in a residential area,
• Large area is required,
• Development and production of the wind energy field is expensive,
• It is noisy,
• It is dangerous for animals, including birds,
Water Energy
Waterfalls or water flow can be used to generate electrical energy, and the kinetic energy of the water flow is converted into electrical energy. Sources of water energy include runoff due to precipitation, waterfalls and runoff, high water levels and low water levels. The advantages and disadvantages of water energy are as follows:
Advantages of water energy:
• It is green and clean energy,
• It is not degradable,
• Water is a free natural resource,
• It is cheap energy,
Disadvantages of water energy:
• Depends on weather and water flow,
• It cannot be operated in a residential area,
• Limited to the locations of waterfalls,
• Large area is required,
• The development and production of the water-energy field is expensive,
Energy Harvest
In the last decade, the idea of using free space energy in the form of heat, light, vibration, electromagnetic waves, muscle movement and other types of energy has become useful and attractive, and a number of methods have been developed to generate electricity from these different energy sources. Energy harvesting systems can eliminate the need to replace batteries every day and the use of power cords. In order to use as much free space energy as possible, it is important to collect electromagnetic power from several wireless communication systems. In these cases, broadband or multiband antennas should be used. The energy harvesting antenna must meet several specific requirements for system application. Due to their extremely low power densities, highly efficient radiators are essential. Antennas must operate within a certain frequency range and polarization. The antenna radiation pattern should have a large beam width or omnidirectional radiation pattern.
Recycling
Recycling is the process of collecting and processing materials that would otherwise be discarded as garbage and transforming them into new products. The continued growth in the development of cellular wireless communication systems over the past 30 years has resulted in the majority of the world’s population owning smartphones, smartwatches, Ipads and other devices. As a result, the number of unwanted electronic devices is increasing rapidly day by day. Electronic waste continues to fill landfills at an alarming rate, while the world may bring a new environmental disaster with this large number of devices produced and discarded. While these electrical devices contain hazardous materials and toxic substances that endanger the environment and the health of local communities, they increase environmental pollution. Therefore, green technologies are used to reduce environmental pollution. Recycling electronic waste, old batteries, plastic waste and bottles reduces environmental pollution, while recycling preserves original raw materials. paper, plastic and metal recycling has some advantages and these advantages are as follows:
• Protects natural resources such as timber, water and minerals,
• Reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills and incinerators,
• Increases economic security by touching a domestic material resource,
• Prevents pollution by reducing the need for collecting new raw materials,
• It saves energy,
• Supports production and preserves valuable resources,
Innovations and Challenges in Green Technologies
Electronics developers and manufacturers face a major challenge in designing, developing, manufacturing and installing electronics, placing great emphasis on the environmental impact of the product throughout its entire lifecycle. Electronic devices create a lot of waste, and manufacturers are encouraged to reduce the amount of electronic waste by designing products that minimize the amount of toxic materials used. Electronics companies should recycle and reuse as many raw materials and parts as possible. Green electronics manufacturing involves the production of products with green materials and longer life cycles. This helps reduce the amount of electronic waste created by electronics companies around the world. Green devices focus on reducing the number of parts, green materials, and recycling components or materials.
